THE
MAURYAN EMPIRE
Mauryan Administration:
·
The Mauryan state had a well-organized civil service.
·
Kautilya the foremost political theorist of ancient India
advocated that the king should take the advice of his ministry in running the
administration.
·
Both Kautilya and Megasthanes provided the system of Municipal
administration.
·
Mantriparishad- Council
of ministers to assist the king in administrative matters. It consisted of
Purohita, Mahamantri, Senapati and Yuvaraja.
·
Amatyas- Civil servants to
look after the day-to-day administration.
·
Rajukas- Incharge
of the district administration, assisted by Yuktas or subordinate officials.
·
Gramani- Incharge of the
village administration.
·
Gopa- Official superior
of Gramani and in charge of ten or fifteen villages.
·
Nagarika- His chief duty was
to maintain law and order.
·
Dhamma Mahamatras- To
supervise the spread of Dhamma.
·
Samharta- The chief of the
Revenue Department, was in charge of the collection of all revenues of the
empire.
·
Adyakshas- To control the
retail and wholesale prices of goods and try to ensure their steady supply.
·
Dharmathikarin- The
chief justice of the Supreme Court at the capital.
Note: Subordinate courts at the provincial capitals and
districts worked under Amatya.
Mauryan Army:
·
The Mauryan army was well organized and it was under the control
of Senapati.
·
Megasthenes mentions six boards of five
members each to control the six wings of the military.
·
The salaries were paid in cash. Kautilya
refers to the salaries of different ranks of military officers.
Mauryan Art and Architecture:
·
The use of stone started from the time of Asoka.
·
The pillars erected by Asoka furnish the finest specimen of the
Mauryan art.
·
Asokan pillars with inscriptions were found in places like
Delhi, Allahabad, Rummindai, Sanchi and Saranath.
·
Saranath pillar with four lions standing back to back is the
most magnificent.
·
(Note:The Indian government adopted this
capital with some modifications as its state emblem.)
·
Asoka built a number of stupas throughout his empire, example is
the famous Sanchi stupa with massive dimensions.
·
The caves at Barabar hills near Bodh Gaya are wonderful pieces
of Mauryan architecture.
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