Raja Ram Mohan Roy
1. Known
as the father of Indian renaissance & the first great leader of modern
India.
2. Influenced
by European enlightenment he stressed on reason & human dignity.
3. He
respects the traditional philosophical system of East but believes that only
modern culture would help India to revive.
4. Gifted
linguist, he knew many languages such as Sanskrit, Persian, English, Arabic,
French, Latin, Hebrew etc.
1. Ram
Mohan Roy wrote a Persian book “Tuhafat-ul-muwahhidin” (Gift to monotheist) in
1809, in which he strongly supported believe in one God (Monotheism).
2. He
translated the Vedas & Five Upanishads into Bengali
3. He set
up Atmiya sabha in 1814, Calcutta.
4. He
strongly opposed idol worship, the rigidity of caste & superstitious
rituals.
5. He has
written, Precepts of Jesus (1820) – He emphasize the moral message of Christ
& criticized miracle stories in Bible.
6. He
described blind imitation of west, but wanted synthesis of best east
& west.
7.
In 1828, he founded
Brahma Sabha later Brahma Samaj (1830) to purify Hinduism & to preach
monotheism.
8. It was
based on – Reason, Vedas & Upanishads, monotheism.
9. Brahma
samaj opposed – caste system, child marriage, sati system, etc.
Work For Women
1.
Sati-system was Abolished
by William Bentinck in 1829.
2. He also
demanded the right of inheritance & Property for Women.
Modern education
1. He
supported dutch watch , watch maker ‘David Hare’ to found Hindu-College 1817.
2. He
established a vedant college in Calcutta 1825.
3. He
strongly supported introduction of English education
National Consciousness
1. He was
the pioneer of Indian Journalism & brought Journals in Bengali, Persian,
Hindi, English for spreading scientific literacy & political education.
2. He
started Bengali weekly “Sambad Kaumudi” (1821) which was first Indian newspaper
edited, published & managed by Indians.[Language – Bangali]
3. He also
started Persian Weekly – “Mirat-ul-Akhbar” [Language – Farsi]
Pioneer in Political Agitation:-
1. He
protested against restrictions on Indian Press in 1824.
2. He
demanded the abolition of trading rights of east India Company & removal of
heavy export duties on Indian goods.
3. He also
demanded Indianisation of superior services, Judicial equality between Indians
& Europeans.
Internationalist
1. He was
given the title of ‘Raja’ by Mughal emperor Akbar-II & sent to England to
plead his case for an increase in pension.
2. He died
at Bristol in England in 1833.
Development
of Brahma Samaj
1. Brahma
Sabha, established 1828.
2. Tarachandra
Chakraborty was the first secretary of Brahma Sabha.
3. 1830:-
Ram Mohan Went to England.
4. 1830-1833:-
Acharya Ramchandra, 1833- Death(acting head)[Death of Raja Ram – 1833-Bristal]
5. 1833-43:- Dwarika
Nath Tagore
6. 1843:- Devendra
Nath Tagore (Father of Rabindranath Tagore)
7. Founded
‘Tatvabodhini Sabha in 1839.
8. Published
‘Tatvabodhini’ magazine.
9. Other
members of Tatvabodhini – Rajendra
lal Mishra, Akshya Kumar Dutt Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar.
10.
In 1843 – Devendra Nath Tagore re-organised &
revitalized Brahmo Samaj
11.
1857:- Keshub Chandra sen joined
Brahma samaj & soon popularized it outside Bengal.
12.
1866:- 1st Split in Brahma Samaj
13.
Devendra Nath Tagore → Adi Brahma Samaj
14.
Keshab Chandra Sen → Brahma Samaj of India → He took important Parting getting the Brahma marriage Act 1872.
[Girl’s minimum age – 15 years]
15.
1878 – 2nd split → When Keshavchandra got his minor daughter married to maharaja
of coach Bihar.
16.
Sadharan Brahma Samaj → Shivnath Shastri, Anand Mohan Bose
17.
Brahma Samaj was first missionary moment in India & Keshav
Chandra sen was first missionary.
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